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Compare Moldova (2001) - Puerto Rico (2004)

Compare Moldova (2001) z Puerto Rico (2004)

 Moldova (2001)Puerto Rico (2004)
 MoldovaPuerto Rico
Administrative divisions 10 juletule (singular - juletul), 1 municipality*, and 1 autonomous territorial unit**; Balti, Cahul, Chisinau, Chisinau*, Dubasari, Edinet, Gagauzia**, Lapusna, Orhei, Soroca, Tighina, Ungheni none (commonwealth associated with the US); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 78 municipalities (municipios, singular - municipio) at the second order; Adjuntas, Aguada, Aguadilla, Aguas Buenas, Aibonito, Anasco, Arecibo, Arroyo, Barceloneta, Barranquitas, Bayamon, Cabo Rojo, Caguas, Camuy, Canovanas, Carolina, Catano, Cayey, Ceiba, Ciales, Cidra, Coamo, Comerio, Corozal, Culebra, Dorado, Fajardo, Florida, Guanica, Guayama, Guayanilla, Guaynabo, Gurabo, Hatillo, Hormigueros, Humacao, Isabela, Jayuya, Juana Diaz, Juncos, Lajas, Lares, Las Marias, Las Piedras, Loiza, Luquillo, Manati, Maricao, Maunabo, Mayaguez, Moca, Morovis, Naguabo, Naranjito, Orocovis, Patillas, Penuelas, Ponce, Quebradillas, Rincon, Rio Grande, Sabana Grande, Salinas, San German, San Juan, San Lorenzo, San Sebastian, Santa Isabel, Toa Alta, Toa Baja, Trujillo Alto, Utuado, Vega Alta, Vega Baja, Vieques, Villalba, Yabucoa, Yauco
Age structure 0-14 years:
22.44% (male 506,303; female 488,311)

15-64 years:
67.62% (male 1,437,492; female 1,559,090)

65 years and over:
9.94% (male 163,473; female 276,901) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 22.4% (male 446,474; female 426,585)


15-64 years: 65.4% (male 1,220,721; female 1,329,936)


65 years and over: 12.2% (male 205,933; female 268,311) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products vegetables, fruits, wine, grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, tobacco; beef, milk sugarcane, coffee, pineapples, plantains, bananas, livestock products, chickens
Airports 30 (2000 est.) 30 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
7

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
3

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 17


over 3,047 m: 3


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 7


under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
23

2,438 to 3,047 m:
4

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
4

under 914 m:
14 (2000 est.)
total: 13


1,524 to 2, 437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 2


under 914 m: 10 (2004 est.)
Area total:
33,843 sq km

land:
33,371 sq km

water:
472 sq km
total: 9,104 sq km


land: 8,959 sq km


water: 145 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than Maryland slightly less than three times the size of Rhode Island
Background Formerly ruled by Romania, Moldova became part of the Soviet Union at the close of World War II. Although independent from the USSR since 1991, Russian forces have remained on Moldovan territory east of the Nistru (Dnister) River supporting the Slavic majority population, mostly Ukrainians and Russians, who have proclaimed a "Transnistria" republic. One of the poorest nations in Europe and plagued by a moribund economy, in 2001 Moldova became the first former Soviet state to elect a communist as its president. Populated for centuries by aboriginal peoples, the island was claimed by the Spanish Crown in 1493 following Columbus' second voyage to the Americas. In 1898, after 400 years of colonial rule that saw the indigenous population nearly exterminated and African slave labor introduced, Puerto Rico was ceded to the US as a result of the Spanish-American War. Puerto Ricans were granted US citizenship in 1917. Popularly-elected governors have served since 1948. In 1952, a constitution was enacted providing for internal self government. In plebiscites held in 1967, 1993, and 1998, voters chose to retain commonwealth status.
Birth rate 13.35 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 14.1 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget revenues:
$536 million

expenditures:
$594 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)
revenues: $6.7 billion


expenditures: $9.6 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (FY99/00)
Capital Chisinau San Juan
Climate moderate winters, warm summers tropical marine, mild; little seasonal temperature variation
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 501 km
Constitution new constitution adopted 28 July 1994; replaces old Soviet constitution of 1979 ratified 3 March 1952; approved by US Congress 3 July 1952; effective 25 July 1952
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Moldova

conventional short form:
Moldova

local long form:
Republica Moldova

local short form:
none

former:
Soviet Socialist Republic of Moldova; Moldavia
conventional long form: Commonwealth of Puerto Rico


conventional short form: Puerto Rico
Currency Moldovan leu (MDL) US dollar (USD)
Death rate 12.6 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 7.77 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external $900 million (2000) NA
Dependency status - commonwealth associated with the US
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Rudolf Vilem PERINA

embassy:
Strada Alexei Mateevicie, #103, Chisinau 2009

mailing address:
use embassy street address; pouch address - American Embassy Chisinau, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-7080

telephone:
[373] (2) 23-37-72

FAX:
[373] (2) 23-30-44
none (commonwealth associated with the US)
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Ceslav CIOBANU

chancery:
2101 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 667-1130

FAX:
[1] (202) 667-1204
none (commonwealth associated with the US)
Disputes - international separatist Transnistria region, comprising the area between the Nistru (Dniester) River and Ukraine, has its own de facto government, dominated by Moldovan Slavs none
Economic aid - recipient $100.8 million (1995); note - $547 million from the IMF and World Bank (1992-99) NA (2001)
Economy - overview Moldova enjoys a favorable climate and good farmland but has no major mineral deposits. As a result, the economy depends heavily on agriculture, featuring fruits, vegetables, wine, and tobacco. Moldova must import all of its supplies of oil, coal, and natural gas, largely from Russia. Energy shortages contributed to sharp production declines after the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. As part of an ambitious reform effort, Moldova introduced a convertible currency, freed all prices, stopped issuing preferential credits to state enterprises, backed steady land privatization, removed export controls, and freed interest rates. Yet these efforts could not offset the impact of political and economic difficulties, both internal and regional. In 1998, the economic troubles of Russia, by far Moldova's leading trade partner, were a major cause of the 8.6% drop in GDP. In 1999, GDP fell again, by 4.4%, the fifth drop in the past seven years; exports were down, and energy supplies continued to be erratic. GDP declined slightly in 2000, with a serious drought hurting agriculture. Growth should turn positive in 2001. Puerto Rico has one of the most dynamic economies in the Caribbean region. A diverse industrial sector has far surpassed agriculture as the primary locus of economic activity and income. Encouraged by duty-free access to the US and by tax incentives, US firms have invested heavily in Puerto Rico since the 1950s. US minimum wage laws apply. Sugar production has lost out to dairy production and other livestock products as the main source of income in the agricultural sector. Tourism has traditionally been an important source of income, with estimated arrivals of nearly 5 million tourists in 1999. Growth fell off in 2001-03, largely due to the slowdown in the US economy.
Electricity - consumption 5.78 billion kWh (1999) 19.44 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 1.916 billion kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 4.155 billion kWh (1999) 20.9 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
93.62%

hydro:
6.38%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Nistru (Dnister) River 2 m

highest point:
Dealul Balanesti 430 m
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m


highest point: Cerro de Punta 1,338 m
Environment - current issues heavy use of agricultural chemicals, including banned pesticides such as DDT, has contaminated soil and groundwater; extensive soil erosion from poor farming methods erosion; occasional drought causing water shortages
Environment - international agreements party to:
Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
-
Ethnic groups Moldovan/Romanian 64.5%, Ukrainian 13.8%, Russian 13%, Gagauz 3.5%, Jewish 1.5%, Bulgarian 2%, other 1.7% (1989 est.)

note:
internal disputes with ethnic Slavs in the Transnistrian region
white (mostly Spanish origin) 80.5%, black 8%, Amerindian 0.4%, Asian 0.2%, mixed and other 10.9%
Exchange rates lei per US dollar - 12.3728 (January 2001), 12.4342 (2000), 10.5158 (1999), 5.3707 (1998), 4.6236 (1997), 4.6045 (1996); note - lei is the plural form of leu the US dollar is used
Executive branch chief of state:
President Vladimir VORONIN (since 4 April 2001)

head of government:
Prime Minister Vasile TARLEV (since 15 April 2001), three Deputy Prime Ministers: Valerian CRISTEA, Andrei CUCU, and Dmitri TODOROGLO (all since 19 April 2001)

cabinet:
selected by prime minister, subject to approval of Parliament

elections:
president elected by Parliament for a four-year term; election last held 4 April 2001; presidential elections were scheduled for December 2000, but in July 2000, Parliament canceled direct popular elections; Parliament's failure to chose a new president in December 2000 led to early parliamentary elections (moved up a year to February 2001); according to the Moldovan constitution, the president, on consulting with Parliament, will designate a candidate for the office of prime minister; within 15 days from designation, the prime minister-designate will request a vote of confidence from the Parliament regarding his/her work program and entire cabinet; prime minister designated on 15 April 2001, cabinet received vote of confidence on 19 April 2001

election results:
Vladimir VORONIN elected president; parliamentary votes - Vladimir VORONIN 71, Dumitru BRAGHIS 15, Valerian CHRISTEA 3; Vasile TARLEV elected Prime Minister; parliamentary votes of confidence - 75 of 101
chief of state: President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001)


head of government: Governor Anibal ACEVEDO-VILA (since 2 January 2005)


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor with the consent of the legislature


elections: US president and vice president elected on the same ticket for four-year terms; governor elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 2 November 2004 (next to be held November 2008)


election results: Anibal ACEVEDO-VILA (PPD) elected governor; percent of vote - 48.4%
Exports $500 million (f.o.b., 2000) NA (2001)
Exports - commodities foodstuffs 57%, wine, tobacco; textiles and footwear, machinery (1999) chemicals, electronics, apparel, canned tuna, rum, beverage concentrates, medical equipment
Exports - partners Russia 41%, Romania 9%, Germany 8%, Ukraine 7%, Italy, Belarus (1999) US 90.3%, UK 1.6%, Netherlands 1.4%, Dominican Republic 1.4% (2002 est.)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 July - 30 June
Flag description same color scheme as Romania - three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; emblem in center of flag is of a Roman eagle of gold outlined in black with a red beak and talons carrying a yellow cross in its beak and a green olive branch in its right talons and a yellow scepter in its left talons; on its breast is a shield divided horizontally red over blue with a stylized ox head, star, rose, and crescent all in black-outlined yellow five equal horizontal bands of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bears a large, white, five-pointed star in the center; design initially influenced by the US flag, but similar to the Cuban flag, with the colors of the bands and triangle reversed
GDP purchasing power parity - $11.3 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $65.21 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
31%

industry:
35%

services:
34% (1998)
agriculture: 1%


industry: 45%


services: 54% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $2,500 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $16,800 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate -1.5% (2000 est.) 1.6% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates 47 00 N, 29 00 E 18 15 N, 66 30 W
Geography - note landlocked important location along the Mona Passage - a key shipping lane to the Panama Canal; San Juan is one of the biggest and best natural harbors in the Caribbean; many small rivers and high central mountains ensure land is well watered; south coast relatively dry; fertile coastal plain belt in north
Highways total:
20,000 km

paved:
13,900 km (these roads are said to be hard-surfaced, and include, in addition to conventionally paved roads, some that are surfaced with gravel or other coarse aggregate, making them trafficable in all weather)

unpaved:
6,100 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1990)
total: 14,400 km


paved: 14,400 km


unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
2.7%

highest 10%:
25.8% (1992)
lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for CIS consumption; transshipment point for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia via Central Asia to Russia, Western Europe, and possibly the US -
Imports $761 million (f.o.b., 2000) NA (2001)
Imports - commodities mineral products and fuel 38%, machinery and equipment, chemicals, textiles (1999) chemicals, machinery and equipment, clothing, food, fish, petroleum products
Imports - partners Russia 21%, Romania 16%, Ukraine 14%, Germany 12%, Italy 6%, Belarus (1999) US 55.0%, Ireland 23.7%, Japan 5.4% (2002 est.)
Independence 27 August 1991 (from Soviet Union) none (commonwealth associated with the US)
Industrial production growth rate 3% (2000 est.) NA
Industries food processing, agricultural machinery, foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines, hosiery, sugar, vegetable oil, shoes, textiles pharmaceuticals, electronics, apparel, food products, tourism
Infant mortality rate 42.74 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 8.37 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 9.7 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 6.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 32% (2000 est.) 6.5% (2003 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, BIS, BSEC, CCC, CE, CEI, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer) ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), IOC, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WToO (associate)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 2 (1999) -
Irrigated land 3,110 sq km (1993 est.) 400 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court; Constitutional Court (the sole authority for constitutional judicature) Supreme Court; Appellate Court; Court of First Instance composed of two sections: a Superior Court and a Municipal Court (justices for all these courts appointed by the governor with the consent of the Senate)
Labor force 1.7 million (1998) 1.3 million (2000)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 40%, industry 14%, other 46% (1998) agriculture 3%, industry 20%, services 77% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries total:
1,389 km

border countries:
Romania 450 km, Ukraine 939 km
0 km
Land use arable land:
53%

permanent crops:
14%

permanent pastures:
13%

forests and woodland:
13%

other:
7% (1993 est.)
arable land: 3.95%


permanent crops: 5.52%


other: 90.53% (2001)
Languages Moldovan (official, virtually the same as the Romanian language), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect) Spanish, English
Legal system based on civil law system; Constitutional Court reviews legality of legislative acts and governmental decisions of resolution; it is unclear if Moldova accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction but accepts many UN and Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) documents based on Spanish civil code and within the US Federal system of justice
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament or Parlamentul (101 seats; parties and electoral blocs, as well as independent candidates, elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 25 February 2001 (next to be held NA 2005)

election results:
percent of vote by party - PCM 50.1%, Braghis Alliance 13.4%, PPCD 8.2%, other parties 28.3%; seats by party - PCM 71, Braghis Alliance 19, PPCD 11
bicameral Legislative Assembly consists of the Senate (at least 27 seats - currently 29; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and the House of Representatives (51 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: Senate - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held 2 November 2004); House of Representatives - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held 2 November 2004)


election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PPD 20, PNP 8, PIP 1; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PPD 30, PNP 20, PIP 1


note: Puerto Rico elects, by popular vote, a resident commissioner to serve a four-year term as a nonvoting representative in the US House of Representatives; aside from not voting on the House floor, he enjoys all the rights of a member of Congress; elections last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held 2 November 2004); results - percent of vote by party - PPD 49.3%; seats by party - PPD 1; Anibal ACEVEDO-VILA elected resident commissioner
Life expectancy at birth total population:
64.6 years

male:
60.15 years

female:
69.26 years (2001 est.)
total population: 77.49 years


male: 73.49 years


female: 81.68 years (2004 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
96%

male:
99%

female:
94% (1989 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 94.1%


male: 93.7%


female: 94.4% (2002)
Location Eastern Europe, northeast of Romania Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of the Dominican Republic
Map references Commonwealth of Independent States Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims none (landlocked) territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine - total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 36,728 GRT/37,048 DWT


by type: container 1, roll on/roll off 1


foreign-owned: United States 2


registered in other countries: 5 (2004 est.)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of the US
Military branches Ground Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops) no regular indigenous military forces; paramilitary National Guard, Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $6 million (FY99) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1% (FY99) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
1,164,018 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
921,210 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
42,268 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Independence Day, 27 August (1991) US Independence Day, 4 July (1776); Puerto Rico Constitution Day, 25 July (1952)
Nationality noun:
Moldovan(s)

adjective:
Moldovan
noun: Puerto Rican(s) (US citizens)


adjective: Puerto Rican
Natural hazards landslides (57 cases in 1998) periodic droughts; hurricanes
Natural resources lignite, phosphorites, gypsum, arable land some copper and nickel; potential for onshore and offshore oil
Net migration rate -0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -1.46 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Pipelines natural gas 310 km (1992) -
Political parties and leaders Braghis Alliance [Dumitru BRAGHIS]; Popular Christian Democratic Party or PPCD [Iurie ROSCA]; Communist Party or PCM [Vladimir VORONIN, first chairman] National Democratic Party [Celeste BENITEZ]; National Republican Party of Puerto Rico [Luis FERRE]; New Progressive Party or PNP (pro-US statehood) [Pedro ROSSELLO]; Popular Democratic Party or PPD (pro-commonwealth) [Anibal ACEVEDO-VILA]; Puerto Rican Independence Party or PIP (pro-independence) [Ruben BERRIOS Martinez]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA Armed Forces for National Liberation or FALN; Armed Forces of Popular Resistance; Boricua Popular Army (also known as the Macheteros); Volunteers of the Puerto Rican Revolution
Population 4,431,570 (July 2001 est.) 3,897,960 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line 75% (1999 est.) NA
Population growth rate 0.05% (2001 est.) 0.49% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors none Aguadilla, Arecibo, Fajardo, Guanica, Guayanilla, Guayama, Mayaguez, Playa de Ponce, San Juan
Radio broadcast stations AM 7, FM 50, shortwave 3 (1998) AM 72, FM 17, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 3.22 million (1997) -
Railways total:
1,328 km

broad gauge:
1,328 km 1.520-m gauge (1992)
total: 96 km


narrow gauge: 96 km 1.000-m gauge (2003)
Religions Eastern Orthodox 98.5%, Jewish 1.5%, Baptist (only about 1,000 members) (1991) Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant and other 15%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.92 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.59 male(s)/female

total population:
0.91 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female


total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal; island residents are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections
Telephone system general assessment:
inadequate, outmoded, poor service outside Chisinau, some effort to modernize is under way

domestic:
new subscribers face long wait for service; mobile cellular telephone service being introduced

international:
service through Romania and Russia via landline; satellite earth stations - Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik
general assessment: modern system integrated with that of the US by high-capacity submarine cable and Intelsat with high-speed data capability


domestic: digital telephone system; cellular telephone service


international: country code - 1-787, 939; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat; submarine cable to US
Telephones - main lines in use 627,000 (1997) 1,329,500 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular 2,200 (1997) 1,211,111 (2001)
Television broadcast stations 1 (plus 30 repeaters) (1995) 6 (19 relay stations) (2004)
Terrain rolling steppe, gradual slope south to Black Sea mostly mountains with coastal plain belt in north; mountains precipitous to sea on west coast; sandy beaches along most coastal areas
Total fertility rate 1.67 children born/woman (2001 est.) 1.91 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate 1.9% (includes only officially registered unemployed; large numbers of underemployed workers) (November 2000) 12% (2002)
Waterways 424 km (1994) -
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